Armenian որբ [vorb] (originally, [orb]) denotes an orphan and is cognate at once with Greek ορφανός [orfanós] (originally, [orpʰanós], hence the English word); Slavic *orbŭ 'slave' (hence the extant synonymous rob/ rab and robota/ rabota 'work') and Germanic *arbaz '(orphan) worker' (hence *arbaidiz 'labour'; thence, among others, German Arbeit 'work'). Hebrew עבודה [avodá] and Greek δουλειά [ðuljá], which themselves denote work, derive, respectively, from עבד [éved] and δούλος [ðūlos], both of which denote a slave. Slovene calls a child otrok, a word denoting a slave in Czech and Slovak. Slave itself goes back to Byzantine Greek σκλάβος [sklāvos] 'Slav', a living testimony of the 'white slavery' of the Middle Ages.
