Hebrew הִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ [hištaméš] 'to use' is a causative of שִׁמֵּשׁ [šiméš] 'to serve', hence שַׁמָּשׁ [šamáš] 'servant', from שֶׁמֶשׁ [šēmeš] 'Sun'. The latter is cognate with Aramaic ܫܸܡܫܵܐ [šemšā] and Arabic شَمْس [šáms], which have respectively yielded ܡܫܰܡܫܳܢܳܐ [mšamšōno] and شَمَّاس [šammās] – 'deacon'.